Zenringai Hirosaki

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Zenringai Temple Area in Hirosaki
禅林街 / 禅林三十三ヶ寺



This is a park-like area, where 33 Zen-temples are located in the town of Hirosaki. They are supposed to protect the castle of Hirosaki, which is famous for its late cherry blossoms.

This historic area, the former "Nakamachi", was the living quaters of the samurai of the Tsugaru clan. There are still many traditional buildings left.
You can enter through the Black Gate, Kuromon　黒門 or the Red Gate, Akamon 赤門.
Walk along uwatera doori 上寺通り（うわでら）or shitadera doori 下寺(したでら）通り.
http://homepage1.nifty.com/ja7bal/zenrin.htm




The historic site of historic site of temple Choshoji (Chooshoo-ji) 長勝寺 is included.
This temple was the official temple of the Tsugaru domain.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Hirosaki Castel in spring 弘前城の桜



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H A I K U





禅林に石の声聞き達磨の忌
zenrin ni ishi no koe kiki Daruma ki

at the Zenrin park
I listen to the voice of stones -
Daruma memorial day

Moriwaki Teiko 森脇貞子
Tr. Gabi Greve


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Hirosaki Daruma 弘前だるま


. Ringo Daruma as an apple 林檎達磨



. Folk Toys from Aomori


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. Daruma Memorial Day 達磨忌 　


Daruma Museum

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Triangular Daruma Sankaku

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SANKAKU Daruma 三角だるま・三角ダルマ
Triangular, conical Daruma

The Daruma with a sharply pointed head, called “Triangle Daruma” (sankaku Daruma) is a clay doll produced in Northern Japan in the province of Echigo, village of Suibara.(水原)。
新潟県水原（すいばら）



The big red one is the Mother, the blue one the Father and the little white one the child.
Thus the Daruma family represents kaka denka　かか天下 where mother has the saying to keep the family in harmony.







This is a real roly-poly doll with a special weight at the bottom.

In 1806, the first generation Imai Denjuuroo started making these dolls in the tradition of clay dolls from - Fushimi - Kyoto with the colors mixed with laquer.

famous Imai Tokujiroo of Suibara in Niigata Prefecture. He passed away when he was almost 100 years old.

The Family Imai is now in the eights generation producing this funny Daruma. It has become a standard present in this area for a wedding and at the birth of a child.

Some of these dolls are now also made in other areas and also of other materials, like paper or wood.
The paining of the face is a simple dot eyes, dot-nose and mouth-line, and is quite humorous.


There are a few varieties of these dolls in the Tohoku region, but their origin seems to be in Aizu Wakamatsu, Fukushima.

Since it is a strong symbol of getting up again (okiagari), it was well loved by the silk farmers, as an amulet to hope the silk worms would "get up" and produce a lot of thread.

Fishermen put it in their boats to "get up" when they were in a difficult position at sea.

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新潟の三角だるま From Niigata

越後の漁師たちの間では、昔から縁起物とされてきた


Since the bottom is heavy and the doll stands up allways, it is a good-luck charm for the local fishermen of Niigata, who “want to float a boat in need as fast as possible”, a play with the word “uki-agaru”, to get up, to float.

越後の三角ダルマは、

その独特の形から全国のダルマ玩具の中でも異色の存在だ。かつては高田、柏崎、見附今町など各地で作られていたらしい。「三角のオキアガリコボシというのは、180年くらい前からあったんですよ。それを先代が今の三角ダルマの姿にしたんです。」
制作しているのは水原町山口にある今井家、通称「鳩屋」。現在、7代目伝三氏が当主である。初代今井伝十郎が人形作りを始めたのは、文化年間(1806)という。山口人形は京都伏見人形の流れを汲む土人形で、粘土で型を作って丸一日焼き、漆を混ぜた絵の具を塗ったもの。時代の流れにつれ色彩に工夫がこらされ、素朴な中にも郷土色の濃い芸術作品として、生まれ変わってきた。
　6代目徳四郎のとき、戦争などの理由で製作が中断されたが、昭和31年に地元水原町の力強い支援を受けて、製作を再開。三角ダルマの名が天下に響くこととなった。「ひょうきんな表情が魅力でね。縁起物だから、結婚式や出産の祝につきものだった。こういうおもちゃ、今は少なくなってきたね」。伝三氏は父の意思を継ぎ、退職した12,3年程前から手伝い始めたという。現在、8代目の和博氏が後継者として修行中だ。
郷土玩具は土地土地の生活風俗や、祖先の願いを反映して作られてきたもの。三角ダルマも味わいのある玩具として、水原の人々に愛され、育てられてきた。その表情を見ていると、手作りの愛情が伝わってきそうだ。


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The famous Zen priest Ryookan (Ryokan) also painted a triangular Daruma.


source : shinzos10.cocolog-nifty.com


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by Masaaki.K
source : 風邪のコリドー


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Local dolls from Niigata.

On the first picture you can easily recognize our triangular Daruma, one with a simple face and a small one with eyebrows and beard and stripes on the long head. These Daruma are also called “Tsuno-n-gyoo” (Dolls with a horn) or “okorobi” (the falling-down doll).

この地方では三角だるまのことを、「つのんぎょう」「おころび」などと呼んでいます



source : www.asahi-net.or.jp



and with a cat doll from Echigo


source : momoten


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Shiori, bookmark with Niigata Daruma
新潟水原のだるまは円錐形の特異な形

On a page of a collector of bookmarks (shiori) there is also a nice one with our triangular Daruma. It is a woodblockprint with two of our friends.


source : sibainu63/siori-9.


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　WASHOKU
Daruma Monaka だるま最中 Daruma Waffles 　
in the form of our Sankaku Daruma 三角だるま Triangular Daruma


. Folk Toys from Niigata .


. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011　.

Daruma Museum

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- #sankakudaruma #darumasankaku -
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Hamamatsu Market Kokuzo

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. Shizuoka Folk Art - 静岡県　 .
. Legends about Kokuzo Bosatsu .
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Hamamatsu Daruma Market 浜松だるま市

Kokuuzoo, Kokūzō and Daruma Market
浜松市の虚空蔵尊とだるま市

At the temple Kokuzo-Ji 虚空蔵寺 (Kokuuzooji)
宝的山蔵興寺


© PHOTO :　guppy.cocolog-wbs.com/nikond300






A big Daruma

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Kokuzo Bosatsu 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokūzō
Akashagarbha Bodhisattva



Bodhisattva of Wisdom and Memory
Kokūzō is especially important to Japan’s Shingon sect of Esoteric Buddhism (Mikkyō 密教). Kokūzō symbolizes the "vast and boundless" Buddha wisdom that permeates the universe. Believers pray to Kokūzō to grant them wisdom on their quest toward enlightenment. In Japan, people also pray to Kokūzō to improve their memory, technical skills, and artistic talents.

Gumonjihō 求聞持法
Esoteric Rite to Improve One’s Memory
Morning Star Mantra, Kokūzō as the Morning Star

Five Great Kokūzō

Read more HERE
- Buddhist Deities - Mark Schumacher -



. Kokuuzoo Doo 虚空蔵堂 temple hall .
in Muramatsu, Ibaraki 村松

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Kokuuzoo Jinja 虚空蔵神社 shrine Kokuzo Jinja
Tono, Iwate

岩手県遠野市宮守町達曽部
Miyamoricho Tatsusobe, Tono

The date of its foundation is not clear. At the beginning of the steps leading up to the shrine is a stone memorial for mount Gassan 月山の石塔, near the torii gate are more monuments reminding of The Three Mountains of Dewa 出羽三山.
Maybe there was an influence of Tendai or Shingon Buddhism.

There is a saying in the Tendai scriptures, where the celestial elements of Sun, Moon and Stars are mentioned as the beginning and end of our life and wisdom.

生の始まりを知ろうと欲するなら日月星を知るべし。
生の終わりを知ろうと欲するなら日月星を仰ぐべし。

Fugen in this shrine is maybe seen as the deity of the star
Kinsei 金星 Venus

At the back of this shrine is mount Dogusoku Yama 胴具足山 (615 m).
Legends of the Abe clan 安倍一族 are many in this region. This clan also revered a shrine dedicated to the stars
星ノ宮神社 Hoshi no Miya Jinja .




source :　dostoev.exblog.jp - 遠野の不思議


. Tono Jisha Meguri　遠野寺社巡り　
temples and shrines in Tono, Iwate .
and
Abe no Sadato 安倍貞任 (1019 – 1062)

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There is one more 虚空蔵神社 in Akita, Yuzawa Hot Spring
秋田県アキタケン湯沢市ユザワシ皆瀬ミナセ畑等字上中ノ台71

- Deities in residence
Shin-Oo no Mikoto 神王尊 シンノウノミコト
Kamurogi no Mikoto 神漏岐尊 カムロギノミコト
Kamuromi no Mikoto 神漏美尊 カムロミノミコト

- quote
Kamurogi, Kamuromi
Terms referring generically to male and female ancestral kami (sojin).
Examples can be found in the Shoku Nihongi, Engishiki, norito, Nakatominoyogoto, Hitachinokuni fudoki, Izumonokuni fudoki, Shoku Nihonkōki, and Kogoshūi. Commentators are agreed that the truncated kam means kami, while gi and mi refer, respectively, to male and female, but opinion is divided regarding the significance of the element ro.
Kamo no Mabuchi interpreted kamuro to mean divine king, with the result that he understood the terms as referring to emperor and empress. Motoori Norinaga added the concept of ancestral deity to Mabuchi's interpretation, claiming that the two referred to divine ancestral deities of the emperor and empress. In the most general sense, the deities can be understood as ancestral kami. When the two deities are mentioned individually, they refer respectively to male and female kami, and when mentioned jointly as a pair, they refer to ancestral kami as a whole.

Various suggestions have been made regarding to which specific kami these names might have originally referred. The Kogoshūi claims that the two refer to the kami of begetting, Takamimusuhi and Kamimusuhi, but Kamo no Mabuchi argues that the reference is broader, extending to all imperial ancestral kami. In contrast, Motoori understands the terms to refer to Takamimusuhi and Amaterasu. At present, the terms are believed to refer not to any specific kami, but to different beings in accordance with the context of the historical materials in which the terms are found.
- source : Endō Jun, Kokugakuin 2005

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Kokuzo is the last of these 13 deities:

. Jusanbutsu, Juusanbutsu 十三仏
１３ Protector Buddhas 　
Annual Temple Visit for Children
（juusanmairi 十三参り）




. Nine Stars Crest ... 九曜紋 ... Kuyoo Mon 　

4 Friday, Kokuuzoo Bosatsu
kinyoosei 金曜星（きんようせい、虚空蔵菩薩）（四緑木星）



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kigo for the New Year

. Hatsu Kokuuzoo 初虚空蔵 (はつこくうぞう)
First Kokuzo Ceremony 　　

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Aka-beko, akabeko 赤べこ the red cow

Akabeko is a famous cow amulet in the Aizu region of Japan.
Aka means "red" and beko is Aizu dialect for "cow."

The akabeko papier-mache cow is a popular souvenir from Fukushima Prefecture. According to local folklore, in the year 807 A.D., cows were used to haul materials to construct Enzoji 圓蔵寺(えんぞうじ Enzooji) temple in Yanaizu 柳津. The priest Tokuichi Daishi had started the building in 807. Since it is located high above the river, many cows had to be used to haul the boulders up to the site.
(Other legends tell of priest Gyoki as its founder, in 726. Gyoki carved the statue of Kokuzo to pray for peace and prosperity in the land. The side statues of Daikokuten and Bishamonten are said to be made by Kukai.)

When the temple was completed, one particular red cow refused to leave the site. Legend has it that the cow even turned to stone after having given its soul to the Buddha. The townspeople, duly impressed with the cow's loyalty and no doubt its ability to turn itself to stone, made small effigies of the cow, painted them red, and gave them to children as toys. Years later, when a bout of smallpox swept the country, the children who had these akabeko toys didn't get smallpox.

Enjoji holds one of the three famous statues of Kokuzo Bosatsu.
福満虚空蔵尊 Fukuman Kokuzon
Said to have been carved by Kobo Daishi himself.
After he finished the statue, he trew some wood chips in the river Tadami as offerings. Whow and behold, they turned into the delicious dace fish, nurrishing the people.

. Cows and Legends 　


. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Read more :
. Engimono, little things for good luck 縁起物 　


The Kokuzo statue is one of the three famous statues in Japan.

Fukuman Kokuzoson at Enzoji in Yanaizu-machi, Fukushima Prefecture
霊巌山圓蔵寺（福満虚空蔵尊）


Yanaizu Fukuchiman Kokuzoson, Tsuyama-cho Yanaizu, Tome City, Miyagi Prefecture
柳津山宝性院（柳津福智満虚空蔵尊）


Shokoan Temple in Yanai City, Yamaguchi Prefecture

or

Hidakaji temple, Daiman Kokuzon
村松山日高寺（大満虚空蔵尊）Ibaragi prefecture


Kiyomizu temple, Noman Kokuzon
千光山清澄寺（能満虚空蔵尊）Chiba prefecture




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Kokuuzoo (Aakaashagarbha)
"Mutterschoß des leeren Raums".

Seine Weisheit und Tugend ist so grenzenlos wie der Weltraum. Verkörpert Einheit von Weisheit und Barmherzigkeit.
Entstand aus der Anbetung des Himmels.
Verkörpert die Theorie: Unendliches Glück und unendliche Weisheit sind in der Großen Leere das Gleiche.
In Japan seit dem 8. Jhd. bekannt. Erste Figuren in der Tempyoo-Zeit; als Paar mit Kannon Bosatsu beim Bau des Großen Buddhas im Tempel Toodaiji in Nara. Als Paar mit Jizoo Bosatsu ebenfalls in dieser Zeit häufig gefertigt. Dabei war Jizoo für die Hölle und Kokuuzoo für das Paradies zuständig.

KOKUU bedeutet "unübertroffen" und ZOO bedeutet "alle Schätze austeilen für die bedürftigen Menschen". Er verfügt über alle Schätze und sein Schatzhaus (zoo) ist das ganze All (kokuu). Im esoterischen Buddhismus auch als "Diamant-Schatzhaus" (Kongoozoo) oder "Diamant-Schatz" (Kongoohoo) bezeichnet.
Außerdem Spender besonderer Gedächtniskräfte. Bei dem Ritual zur Verbesserung der Gedächtniskräfte des eso~terischen Buddhismus "Gumonji-hoo" ist Kokuuzoo selbst der Hauptkultgegenstand. Die an ihn glaubenden Priester stellten bald viele Statuen und Bilder von ihm her. Dieses Ritual wurde von Kooboo Daishi besonders gepflegt.
(Im Japanischen heißt "auswendig" lernen: "aus dem Himmel lernen" (sora de oboeru).

Nummer 13 der 13 Buddhas der Totenrituale.
Seit der Edo-Zeit wurden Kinder beim 13. Geburtstag zu Tempeln des Kokuuzoo Bosatsu geführt (juusan mairi). Eigentlich sollte jedes Jahr einer der 13 Buddhas angebetet werden, dadurch verdienten die Tempel in der Edo-Zeit. Aber das wurde den Leuten in der Meiji-Zeit zu viel, so daß nur noch der zusammenfassende Tempelgang am 13. Geburtstag übrigblieb.
. Juusanbutsu 十三仏 　


Ikonografie:
Recht unterschiedliche Formen. Manchmal mit weiblichen Zügen.
Hohe Krone mit fünf Weisheitsbuddhas. In der rechten Hand das Schwert der Lehre, in der linken eine Lotusblüte; manchmal auch eine Sutrarolle oder das wunscherfüllende Juwel.
Sitzende Statuen im halben Lotussitz (Nara-Zeit) oder mit einem Bein über den Sockel hängend (ab Heian-Zeit).

Besondere Statuen:


Fünf Kokuuzoo Bosatsu (Godai Kokuuzoo Bosatsu)
Entsprechend den fünf Weisheitsbuddhas. 五大虚空蔵
Zur weiten Verbreitung von Tugenden und Hilfen in alle Himmels~richtungen. Vertreibung von Feinden und sichere Geburt.
Seit der Heian-Zeit besonders in der Shingon-Sekte verehrt.

Fünf Bosatsu-Statuen auf fünf Tieren sitzend oder auf einem Lotussockel.
Tiere: in der Mitte: Löwe, im Osten: Elefant, im Süden: Pferd, im Westen: Pfau und im Norden: Garuda-Vogel.
Donnerkeil mit einem oder drei Zacken an einer langen Stange in der linken Hand. Hohe Krone mit den fünf Weisheitsbuddhas.

Mitte: Weiß - Hokkai - Gedatsu - Chie Kokuuzoo
Osten: Gelb - Kongô - Fukutoku - Aikyoo - Fukuchi Kokuuzoo
Süden: Grün - Hôkô - Nôman - Kani Kokuuzoo
West: Rot - Renge - Segan - Nooman Kokuuzoo
Nord: Schwarz - Gôyû (Gôyô) - Muku - Fukutoku Kokuuzoo.


.Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who 　　

Ein Wegweiser zur Ikonografie
von japanischen Buddhastatuen
Gabi Greve, 1994

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Hamamatsu hariko 浜松張り子 papermachee dolls
Hamamatsu (lit. Pine Tree on the Beach") is a town in western Shizuoka.

They were quite popular since the early Meiji period and many humorous figures were included, like the monkey on a persimmon.
During WW II, most of the wooden forms were lost, but they were re-made soon to continue this special tradition of papermachee dolls.


Futabashi San Workshop 二橋さん



tora hariko　虎張り子 papermachee tiger



Hamamatsu hariko 浜松張り子 papermachee dolls
CLICK for more photos !

. Shizuoka Folk Art - 静岡県　 .

#hamamatsudolls #kokuzo #kokuzobosatsu
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Daruma Ichi Markets to Sell Daruma / 達磨市

. Legends about Kokuzo Bosatsu .

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WKD - Black Daruma - charcoal

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sumi 炭 charcoal
sumi 墨 Chinese ink for writing with the brush
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for kigo, see below

Black Daruma 黒字の炭だるま
made with coal coating




白河のだるまの意匠は松平定信公お抱えの絵師・谷文晁（たにぶんちょう）が考案したものと伝えられ、マユは鶴が飛ぶ姿に、ヒゲは亀に、ビンやアゴヒゲは松竹梅に見立てています。かつては目を入れて売られていましたが、今は願い事が叶うと瞳を入れる「だるま」になりました。
source : ysp.gr.jp


sumi Daruma 炭だるま charcoal Daruma
Made with the wish for writing black figures in your business.

A Daruma Doll in a traditional way, made of paper, but the final cover is a coating of charcoal (eco-powder) which is supposed to do the following things:

Minimize evil influnence of magnetic waves
Keeps things fresh
Effect of infrared wavelength
Effect of fresh wood air
Regulates heat
Odoeater




. . . . .

. Charcoal Daruma from Nagano .


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sumishi 墨師 making charcoal for writing


source : edoichiba.jp/. sumisi...

. sumiyaki 炭焼 (すみやき) making charcoal .


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ALL WINTER KIGO : COALS

sumi 炭 (すみ) charcoal
Holzkohle
mokutan 木炭（もくたん）charcoal
katazumi 堅炭（かたずみ）hard charcoal

shirozumi 白炭（しろずみ）white charcoal
often used in a decorative way for the tea ceremony
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
yokoyamazumi 横山炭（よこやまずみ）a kind of white charcoal

binchoo 備長（びんちょう）special charcoal from Wakayama
..... binchootan 備長炭 binchotan charcoal from Wakayama
(see below)




hanazumi 花炭（はなずみ）flowers prepared as charcoal

suminaya 炭納屋（すみなや）shed for charcoal
sumi hiku 炭挽く（すみひく）sawing charcoal
konasumi 粉炭（こなずみ）fine coal, powder coal

sumikuzu 炭屑（すみくず）scraps of charcoal
sumi no ka 炭の香（すみのか）smell/fragrance of charcoal

Sakurazumi 佐倉炭（さくらずみ）charcoal from Sakura


Onozumi 小野炭（おのずみ）charcoal from the Ono area in Kyoto
This region was famous for its white coal for the tea ceremony.

消炭に薪割る音かをのの奥　
keshizumi / keshi-zumi ni maki waru oto ka Ono no oku


小野炭や手習ふ人の灰ぜせり　
Ono-zumi ya tenarau hito no hai zeseri


白炭やかの浦島が老の箱　
shirozumi ya ka no Urashima ga oi no hako


MORE - poems about charcoal by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


. Ono no Komachi 小野 小町 .
The famous beauty.

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sumiuri, sumi-uri 炭売（すみうり）charcoal vendor, charcoal seller


They sold charcoal in small amounts to the poor people of Edo.

炭売りに鏡みせたる女かな
sumiuri ni kagami misetaru onna kana

to the charcoal vendor
this woman shows
a mirror . . . . .

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.


炭売に日のくれかゝる師走かな
sumiuri ni hi no kurekakaru shiwasu kana
(1771)

for the charcoal vendor
the sun is about to set
on the last day of the year . . .

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.



蕪村こがらしや炭売ひとりわたし舟
kogarashi ya sumiuri hitori watashibune

withering wind -
only one charcoal seller
on the ferry boat

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

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炭売りの人をぬくめて身は寒し　
sumi uri no hito o nukumete mi wa samushi

the charcoal vendor
makes other people warm -
his own body cold　

anonymous from the Edo period

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sumibi 炭火 (すみび) charcoal fire
sumigashira 炭頭（すみがしら）smoldering charcoal
..... iburizumi 、燻り炭（いぶりずみ）
hanezumi 跳炭（はねずみ）scattering charcoal
..... hashirizumi 走炭（はしりずみ）
joo 尉（じょう）white ashes (from charcoal fire)
..... okorizumi おこり炭（おこりずみ）

uzumibi 埋火 (うずみび) "hidden fire"
..... ikebi いけ火（いけび）, ikezumiいけ炭（いけずみ）
Some charcoal is left under the ashes to smolder and provide a bit of warmth.

keshizumi 消炭 (けしずみ) extinguishing the fire
..... keshizumi 消え炭（きえずみ）, ukizumi 浮炭（うきずみ）, keshioki消燠（けしおき）, hikeshitsubo 火消壺（ひけしつぼ） pot to extinguish a fire
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Gefäß, das über ein Holzkohlefeuer gestülpt wird, um es zu löschen.




fukube, looks like Daruma san

sumitori 炭斗 (すみとり) basket to carry charcoals
..... sumitori 炭取（すみとり）
. . . CLICK here for sumitori Photos !
sumikago 炭籠（すみかご）, sumibitsu炭櫃（すびつ）
sumihisago (hisago) 炭瓢（すみひさご）
sumifukube 炭ふくべ（すみふくべ）coal carrier in the form of a gourd
ubu 烏府（うふ）ubu coal carrier
. . . CLICK here for ubu Photos !
juunoo 十能（じゅうのう）metal ladle for carrying coals
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

sumibako 炭箱（すみばこ） box with charcoals



sumidawara 炭俵 (すみだわら) sack for wrapping charcoal
..... sumigamasu 炭叺（すみがます）, sumisugo 炭すご（すみすご）, datsu だつ
sack for charcoal



tadon 炭団 (たどん/ tandon たんどん ) charcoal briquette
tadon hooshi 炭団法師（たどんほうし） producer of briquettes
tadondama 炭団玉（たどんだま）round briquette
tadon hosu 炭団干す（たどんほす）to dry briquettes
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Brickett


sekitan 石炭 (せきたん) coal, hard coal
..... tan たん、ishizumi いしずみ
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
goheita 五平太（ごへいた）Kyushu dialect. Named after one Koheita, who first dug it out of the ground in Kita Kyushu.
iwaki 岩木（いわき）"cliff stone" type of coal


rentan 煉炭 (れんたん) small charcoal briquet, briquette
rentan hibachi 煉炭火鉢（れんたんひばち）brazier for small briquettes


mametan 豆炭（まめたん）"small briquette" like an egg
Often used for the small burners for grilling fish and vegetables.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Eierbrikett


. Hibachi, Braziers 火鉢　 . Japan

. Jiko (brazier) and makaa (charcoal) . Kenya

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. sumiyaki 炭焼 (すみやき) making charcoal 　
a KIGO list

. sumigama 炭竈 charcoal kilns .
- and their legends

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Binchō-tan or white charcoal
or binchō-zumi (備長炭) is a traditional charcoal of Japan. It dates to the Edo period, when during the Genroku era, a craftsman named Bitchū-ya Chōzaemon (備中屋 長左衛門) began to produce it in Tanabe, Wakayama. The raw material is oak, specifically ubame oak (Quercus phillyraeoides), now the official tree of Wakayama Prefecture. Wakayama continues to be a major producer of high-quality charcoal, with the town of Minabe, Wakayama producing more binchō-tan than any other town in Japan.

The fineness and high quality of binchō-tan are attributed to steaming at high temperatures. Although it is often thought that binchō-tan burns hot, it actually burns at a lower temperature than ordinary charcoal but for a longer period of time. Because it does not release smoke or other unpleasant flavors, it is a favorite of unagi and yakitori cooks. Due to difficulties in identifying the producing region, the name binchō-tan has come into broader use to designate white charcoal generally, and even products from outside Japan, as well as those made of other species, have come to use the name. The amount of binchō-tan sold domestically in Japan markedly decreased following a 2004 export restriction promulgated for forest protection by the People's Republic of China.

To differentiate the aforementioned "non-pure" products, there is a movement to call binchō-tan produced in Wakayama Kishū binchō-tan.

Binchō-tan has found uses other than as a fuel. Because it has numerous small pores, it can absorb chemical substances. Bits can be added to rice during cooking to remove chalky flavor, placed in shoe-cabinets to absorb odors, and put in rooms to freshen the air. There are many more supposed benefits and health values of white charcoal. Currently there are a number of binchō-tan-based consumer products on the market such as socks, shirts, shampoo, cosmetic products, and many more.
Binchō-tan or white charcoal is harder than black charcoal, and rings with a metallic sound when struck. Wind chimes and a musical instrument, the tankin ("charcoal-xylophone") have been made from it.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Reference : Binchotan



備長炭枕すがしき虫の秋　　
binchootan makura sugashiki mushi no aki

my pillow of charcoal
just so refreshing -
autumn of the insects　
(tr. Gabi Greve)

Yooko 葉子
Insects and Kigo




尉厚く被てゐて春の備長炭
joo atsuku kisete iru haru no binchootan

the white ashes
cover it thickly -
bincho coals in spring

Fuke Toshiko ふけとしこ (鎌の刃)
Tr. Gabi Greve


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Black Daruma with Child

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. WASHOKU
Yakiniku, beef grilled on binchotan charcoal


sumidawara amu 炭俵編む（すみだわらあむ）
making straw bags for charcoal
kigo for late autumn



Ash, ashes (hai) and related kigo


Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and Winter Kigo


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More kigo with black KURO

. kurogeta 黒北風 (くろぎた, kurogita) north wind in spring 　


. kuro mebaru 黒めばる（くろめばる）black rock fish
all spring　


. kuro suzumebachi 黒雀蜂（くろすずめばち）
black hornet 　
all spring


. kurohae, kuro-hae 黒南風 (くろはえ)
"black southern wind" 　
mid-summer


. kurogoma 黒胡麻（くろごま）black sesame 　
mid-autumn




. Kokutei 黒帝 Black Emperor 　
deity of black and winter

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WORLDWIDE

Ireland

"black ice"
which is the very dangerous condition of the roads, arising when it rains on a still-frozen surface.

The ice is not, of course, black, but transparent -- it is the black of the road surface that makes the ice invisible and causes many accidents.

Isabelle Prondzynski


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USA

black friday
the day following Thanksgiving Day in the United States, traditionally the beginning of the Christmas shopping season.
On this day, many retailers open very early, often at 4 a.m., or earlier, and offer promotional sales to kick off the shopping season, similar to Boxing Day sales in many commonwealth countries. Black Friday is not actually a holiday, but many employers give their employees the day off, increasing the number of potential shoppers. It has routinely been the busiest shopping day of the year since 2005 . . .
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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sumi ningyoo 炭人形 dolls made from charcoal


from Tozawa village 戸沢村, Yamagata
Yaguchi dolls 矢口人形
Made from powder of paulownia coal.
A pun on words with the owl, fukuro
すみ福ろう（不苦労） fu kuroo - know no hardship
source :　yamagata-np.jp



. Suwa no Sumi Daruma 諏訪の炭だるま .
from Suwa town, Nagano

. sumi ningyoo 墨人形 / 人形墨 dolls from Sumi writing ink .
sumi 墨 Chinese ink for writing with the brush


. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .


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. Black Dragon 黒龍 Kokuryu .

. Black Buddha Statues 黒仏 kurobotoke .


. Daruma Museum . TOP
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO　　TOP . ]
- #sumi #charcoal -
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Fukusuke

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Fuku no Kami Legends 福の神 .
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Fukusuke 福助だるま



He is almost like a god, helping people to make good business.

It is the figure of a man seated on his knees on a cushion, with a big round shaven head.
The origin was a god of good luck (fuku no kami　福の神)
called Kanoo Fukusuke 叶福助 in Edo.
. . . CLICK here for Kano Fukusuke Photos !

Fukusuke would grant a wish (kanoo, kanaeru 叶える) and was popular with the tea shops and courtisans.

睦まじう夫婦仲よく見る品は不老富貴に叶う福助

Fukusuke would also bring long life and prosperity to a loving couple.

A model was probably the farmer Sataro from Settsu province 摂津国西成郡安部里の佐太郎 in 1802, who did not only live long but was of a small body with a large head (probably from a disease) and often the aim of people's laughter. He went off to Edo for a better life, got caught by a dealer (in human beings) near Odawara and was made a showpiece in a curio show in Kamakura, and later brought to Edo.
A disabled person was a fugu suke ふぐ【不具】, later read as Fukusuke, FUKU being a pun with "good luck".

A certain noble Hatamoto bought Fukusuke from his owner for 30 ryo of gold and gave him to his daughter as a playmate. The new owner family prospered and Fukusuke was able to marry the servant of the home, Risa りさ.
They started a small shop in Nagai-Cho and sold Fukakusa yaki 深草焼 pottery. He even made dolls of his own figure and sold them for good luck items.

Well, that is quite a story of a long, eventfull life of a disabled person!


The original might also have been a merchant of Kyoto during the Edo period, who sold cloths.

His ears are quite big (fukumimi).

His wife is O-Fuku (Ofuku　お福、O-Tafuku, Otafukuお多福) and his dauther is a Fukumusume 福娘. (but only in the curio shops).


He sits at the entrance of the store and welcomes visitors with a deep bow.

おじぎ福助 ojigi Fukusuke


Gott der Händler. Puppe mit großem Kopf.

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Fukusuke from Hirado pottery 福助　平戸





Yabase clay doll, Akita 八橋人形

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. Daruma Museum
Fukakusa-yaki 深草焼, Clay Dolls from Fukakusa





To our day, there is a store in Tokyo selling tabi socks with a big toe.
Tsujimoto Fukumatsu established the Fukusuke Tabi company in 1885.

English Reference Fukusuke Tabi




Fukusuke is also the name of a type of chrysanthemum
Fukusukegiku 福助菊
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Fukusuke with a family crest of radishes



Click for more auspicious FUKUSUKE photos !


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Fukusuke as a baby
like a Daruma Doll




Daruma Museum : Otafuku, O-Fuku Daruma
お多福だるま、お福達磨, お福だるま



fuufu Fukusuke 夫婦福助 the couple of Fukusuke and his wife
Sendai hariko 仙台張子 papermachee dolls from Sendai




Fukusuke, Daruma and
other auspicious items for the New Year




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Fukusuke on a spring horse 春駒持ち福助
© PHOTO : Nakamura Sakuo

© Reference

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福助のお辞儀は永遠に雪が降る　　　
Fukusuke no o-jigi wa eien ni yuki ga furu

the servile bow of Fukusuke
is with us for ever . . .
it is snowing


鳥居真理子 Torii Mariko (Torii) (1948 - )

. WKD : Gendai . Modern Haiku 　　


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source :　zenmaitarow

Fukusuke and O-Tafuku as kokeshi 福助 - お福こけし

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fuku no kami 福の神　god of good luck


source :　ameblo.jp/shigeoh14

Maybe the most popular are Ebisu and his companion Daikoku

. Ebisu えびす　恵比寿　 .


Hotei, one of the "seven gods of good luck" is another great candidate
. Hotei 布袋 Pu-Tai .



A red Daruma doll is also seen as
"always happy to brind good luck to the family
いつも明 AKAるい 家庭に宿る福の神
. Daruma Dolls in 10 colors / カラーだるま .

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小柱や己が夜寒の福の神
ko-bashira ya ono ga yozamu no fuku no kami

small post,
you're my god of luck
this cold fall night
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku is from the eighth month (September) of 1810, when Issa was staying in the city of Edo and in the area just east of Edo. This is a year in which Issa made a vigorous attempt to return to his hometown, where he hoped to establish himself as a self-supporting haikai teacher. At the end of the fifth month, he made a trip from Edo all the way back to his hometown to discuss sharing his inheritance with his brother, but his brother refused, and Issa got no farther than the entranceway of the house left by his father, even though the house was half his. (See the 8/23/2013 post for some other hokku from this period.) After Issa returned to Edo, he was dispirited but even more determined to return to his hometown, a dream he realized in 1813.

The present hokku seems to have a double tone of frustration and resolve. Issa is traveling around and staying at different people's houses, so the post near the house where he is staying tonight is not literally his. He simply chooses it as his god. Autumn is beginning to deepen, and the night is sharply colder tonight, though not yet freezing. The temperature also probably suggests Issa's own sense of his situation at the moment. In Japanese, gods are traditionally referred to as pillars or posts (hashira), presumably because in Japanese shamanism gods were believed to descend down trees when they manifested themselves in this world. Also traditionally, there are seven gods of good luck or good fortune, and so when they are counted individually, they are "seven pillars/posts."

A single god, when counted, is "one pillar/post." Relying on this usage, Issa decides that a nondescript, small post in a street or a garden will be his own god of good luck in this season of increasing cold. It has no tradition, individual name, or special characteristics, but it seems to have continued to stand where it is for some time, and its ability to endure and be a post suggests it is blessed with good fortune. Issa wants to do likewise. I take the hokku to be his address to the post, telling it he respects it and hopes the post will show him how it's been able to be so lucky and endure so long.

The two hokku placed immediately before this hokku in Issa's diary also shed light on Issa's thinking when he wrote this hokku. First the hokku placed two hokku earlier:

tsuyu-tsuyu ni nagasaresou naru hashira kana

surely that post
will be washed away
by the dew

The post seems so weak and fragile that it looks as if it will soon be carried off by the daily and nightly dew, which in comparison seems to be stronger than the post. And then this hokku placed just before the first hokku translated above:


furusato ya kore mo yosamu no nyorai-sama

my hometown --
on a cold fall night
you, too, my Buddha

Issa always prays to Amida as his special Buddha among many Buddhas, but on this cold autumn night he also prays to his hometown as another personal Buddha. This is not an unusual form of worship in Japan, where the souls of ancestors are even now in rural areas often called "Buddhas" or "gods." Issa feels a strong spirit coming from his hometown and from the spirits of his dead father and mother and others, and he vows to maintain his reverence for his hometown on a spiritual level even though his brother and stepmother continue to refuse to meet him. The intensity of Issa's identification with his hometown in this hokku could indicate that the post referred to in two of the three hokku is a post standing near the house left by his father in his hometown.

Since Issa often wrote several hokku a day, the weak post in one hokku and the small post in another are probably the same post, a post that wouldn't appear at first glance to be a prominent candidate for being a god of good luck. But to Issa small, weak things are often very powerful in their own way and worthy of great respect. And if the post stands in front of the house where Issa was born, then it is a very powerful post -- and god -- indeed.

Chris Drake

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

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source : popeye.sakura.ne.jp/fukushima...

Aizu Fukusuke 会津福助

. Fukushima Folk Toys .
会津若松市 Aizu Wakamatsu


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. Hi no yoojin 火の用心 fire prevention Fukusuke .


WASHOKU - Folk Toys and Food 　

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. Fuku no Kami Legends 福の神 .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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