Showing posts with label small things komono. Show all posts
Showing posts with label small things komono. Show all posts

2007/12/17

Hagoita Shuttlecock

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Hagoita Shuttlecock

hagoita 羽子板 

is a sort of game like badminton or shuttlecock, with a wooden paddle and small balls with feathers attached to them. It is a traditional game for the New Year Holidays. Little girls play it dressed in kimono.


If you look closely, the girl holds a small board with Daruma in her left hand.

From the Japan Times, December 2007

© Photo: SATOKO KAWASAKI,
Japan Times, December 18, 2007





Read more about
shuttlecock, battledore and haiku


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2007/10/25

Inkan Seal and Stamp

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Seals and Stamps (inkan 印鑑, hanko 判子)


CLICK for stamps from the Edo period!

Inkan
They are usually used for official use and are mostly registered at the city office where we live to be effective. Instead of signing a document,you have to stamp it with your officially approved inkan.
There are two types of name stamps:
a jitsu-in (registered name stamp) and a mitome-in (regular name stamp).

Jitsu-in 実印(Registered Name Stamp)
Registered name stamps are used for important official documents such as car registration, documents involving housing and real estate, financial loan papers and notarized documents. On these occasions, you will need your registered name stamp and proof of name stamp registration.

Mitome-in 認印(Regular Name Stamp)
Used for such business as regular contracts and bank transactions.

How to Register Your Personal Name Stamp
Only one name stamp can be registered per person.
It must contain your first, last, full or a combination of your first and last name as shown on your foreign resident registration card, if you are not Japanese.
To register, you must apply in person and bring proof of identification (such as your foreign resident registration card) to the Resident Affairs Section of the city office. Once your name stamp is registered, you will be issued a name stamp registration certificate (card).


Hanko 判子
Hanko are the more artistic stamps used to sign your works of art,calligraphy, poetry or painting.


material used
vory, water-buffalo horn, black water buffalo, special boxwood (tsuge) and
boxwood from Satsuma (Kyushu), Mamoth ivory, Titan.


CLICK for more photos in my album !
Click on this photo for more pictures !



Kokeshi, Wooden Dolls with Stamp in the bottom



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source : starry.sunnyday.co.jp/products

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- quote wikipedia -
In Japan, seals in general are referred to as inkan (印鑑) or hanko (判子[).
Inkan is the most comprehensive term; hanko tends to refer to seals used in less important documents.

The first evidence of writing in Japan is a hanko dating from AD 57, made of solid gold given to the ruler of Nakoku by Emperor Guangwu of Han,called King of Na gold seal. At first, only the Emperor and his most trusted vassals held hanko, as they were a symbol of the Emperor's authority. Noble people began using their own personal hanko after 750, and samurai began using them sometime during the Feudal Period. Samurai were permitted exclusive use of red ink. After modernization began in 1870, hanko finally came into general use throughout Japanese society.

Government offices and corporations usually have inkan specific to their bureau or company, and which follow the general rules outlined for jitsuin with the following exceptions. In size, they are comparatively enormous, measuring 2 to 4 inches (5.1 to 10.2 cm) across. Their handles are often extremely ornately carved with friezes of mythical beasts or hand-carved hakubun inscriptions that might be quotes from literature, names and dates, or original poetry. Some have been carved with square tunnels from handle to underside, so that a specific person can slide his own inkan into the hollow, thus signing a document with both his own name and his business's (or bureau's) name. These seals are usually stored in jitsuin-style boxes under high security except at official ceremonies, at which they are displayed on extremely ornate stands or in their boxes.

For personal use, there are at least four kinds of seals. In order from most formal/official to least, they are: jitsuin, ginkō-in, mitome-in, and gagō-in.

A jitsuin (実印) is an officially registered seal. A registered seal is needed to conduct business and other important or legally binding events. A jitsuin is used when purchasing a vehicle, marrying, purchasing land, and so on.

The size, shape, material, decoration, and lettering style of jitsuin are closely regulated by law. For example, in Hiroshima, a jitsuin is expected to be roughly 1⁄2 to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.5 cm), usually square or (rarely) rectangular but never round, irregular, or oval, and must contain the individual's full family and given name, without abbreviation. The lettering must be red with a white background (shubun), with roughly equal width lines used throughout the name. The font must be one of several based on ancient historical lettering styles found in metal, woodcarving, and so on; ancient forms of ideographs are commonplace. A red perimeter must entirely surround the name, and there should be no other decoration on the underside (working surface) of the seal, though the top and sides (handle) of the seal may be decorated in any fashion from completely undecorated to historical animal motifs to dates, names, and inscriptions.

Throughout Japan, rules governing jitsuin design are so stringent and each design so unique that the vast majority of people entrust the creation of their jitsuin to a professional, paying upward of US$20 and more often closer to US$100, and will use it for decades. People desirous of opening a new chapter in their lives—say, following a divorce, death of a spouse, a long streak of bad luck, or a change in career—will often have a new jitsuin made.

The material is usually a high quality hard stone, and far less frequently deerhorn, soapstone, or jade. It's sometimes carved by machine. When it's carved by hand, an intō ("seal-engraving blade"), a mirror, and a small specialized wooden vice are used. An intō is a flat-bladed pencil-sized chisel, usually round or octagonal in cross-section and sometimes wrapped in string to give the handle a non-slip surface. The intō is held vertically in one hand, with the point projecting from one's fist on the side opposite one's thumb. New, modern intō range in price from less than US$1 to US$100.

The jitsuin is always kept in a very secure place such as a bank vault or hidden carefully in one's home. They're usually stored in thumb-sized rectangular boxes made of cardboard covered with heavily embroidered green fabric outside and red silk or red velvet inside, held closed by a white plastic or deerhorn splinter tied to the lid and passed through a fabric loop attached to the lower half of the box. Because of the superficial resemblance to coffins, they're often called "coffins" in Japanese by enthusiasts and hanko boutiques. The paste is usually stored separately.

A ginkō-in (銀行印) is used specifically for banking; ginkō means "bank". A person's savings account passbook contains an original impression of the ginkō-in alongside a bank employee's seal. Rules for the size and design vary somewhat from bank to bank; generally, they contain a Japanese person's full name; a Westerner may be permitted to use a full family name with or without an abbreviated given name, such as "Smith", "Bill Smith", "W Smith" or "Wm Smith" in place of "William Smith". The lettering can be red or white, in any font, and with artistic decoration.

Most people have them custom-made by professionals or make their own by hand, since mass-produced ginkō-in would offer no security. They are wood or stone and carried about in a variety of thumb-shaped and -sized cases resembling cloth purses or plastic pencil cases. They are usually hidden carefully in the owner's home.

Banks always provide stamp pads or ink paste, in addition to dry cleansing tissues. The banks also provide small plastic scrubbing surfaces similar to small patches of red artificial grass. These are attached to counters and used to scrub the accumulated ink paste from the working surface of customers' seals.

A mitome-in (認印) is a moderately formal seal typically used for signing for postal deliveries, signing utility bill payments, signing internal company memos, confirming receipt of internal company mail, and other low-security everyday functions.

Mitome-in are commonly stored in low-security, high-utility places such as office desk drawers and in the anteroom (genkan) of a residence.

A mitome-in's form is governed by far fewer customs than jitsuin and ginkō-in. However, mitome-in adhere to a handful of strongly observed customs. The size is the attribute most strongly governed by social custom. It is usually the size of an American penny or smaller. A male's is usually slightly larger than a female's, and a junior employee's is always smaller than his bosses' and his senior co-workers', in keeping with office social hierarchy. The mitome-in always has the person's family name, and usually does not have the person's given name (shita no namae). They are often round or oval, but square ones are not uncommon, and rectangular ones are not unheard-of. They are always geometric figures. They can have red lettering on a blank field (shubun) or the opposite (hakubun). Borderlines around their edges are optional.

Plastic mitome-in in popular Japanese names can be obtained from stationery stores for less than US$1, though ones made from inexpensive stone are also very popular. Inexpensive prefabricated seals are called 'sanmonban' (三文判). Prefabricated rubber stamps are unacceptable for business purposes.

Mitome-in and lesser seals are usually stored in inexpensive plastic cases, sometimes with small supplies of red paste or a stamp pad included.

Most Japanese also have a far less formal seal used to sign personal letters or initial changes in documents; this is referred to by the also broadly generic term hanko. They often display only a single hiragana, kanji ideograph, or katakana character carved in it, They are as often round or oval as they are square. They vary in size from 0.5-to-1.5-centimetre wide (0.20 to 0.59 in); women's tend to be small.

Gagō-in (雅号印) are used by graphic artists to both decorate and sign their work. The practice goes back several hundred years. The signatures are frequently pen names or nicknames; the decorations are usually favorite slogans or other extremely short phrases. A gago in can be any size, design, or shape. Irregular naturally occurring outlines and handles, as though a river stone were cut in two, are commonplace. The material may be anything, though in modern times soft stone is the most common and metal is rare.

Traditionally, inkan and hanko are engraved on the end of a finger-length stick of stone, wood, bone, or ivory, with a diameter between 25 and 75 millimetres (0.98 and 2.95 in). Their carving is a form of calligraphic art. Foreign names may be carved in rōmaji, katakana, hiragana, or kanji. Inkan for standard Japanese names may be purchased prefabricated.

Almost every stationery store, five-and-dime store, large book store, and department store carries small do-it-yourself kits for making hanko. These include instructions, hiragana fonts written forward and in mirror-writing (as they'd appear on the working surface of a seal), a slim in tou chisel, two or three grades of sandpaper, slim marker pen (to draw the design on the stone), and one to three mottled, inexpensive, soft square green finger-size stones.

In modern Japan, most people have several inkan.

A certificate of authenticity is required for any hanko used in a significant business transaction. Registration and certification of an inkan may be obtained in a local municipal office (e.g. city hall). There, a person receives a "certificate of seal impression" known as inkan tōroku shōmei-sho (印鑑登録証明書).

The increasing ease with which modern technology allows hanko fraud is beginning to cause some concern that the present system will not be able to survive.

Signatures are not used for most transactions, but in some cases, such as signing a cell phone contract, they may be used, sometimes in addition to a stamp from a mitome-in. For these transactions, a jitsuin is too official, while a mitome-in alone is insufficient, and thus signatures are used.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Making an impression in Japan: a hanko primer
An important skill for lawyers is the ability to ignore your own children.



- snip -
Despite being deeply embedded in Japanese commercial culture, however, few, if any, laws actually require the use of hanko to execute contracts. In fact, Japan’s Commercial Code refers primarily to signatures (shomei) but contains a provision allowing a name together with a seal to have the same effect as a signature. Government filings are more likely to require seals. The Family Registry Act, for example, requires marriage, divorce and other filings to be both signed and sealed.
Under an 1899 statute,
foreign nationals are able to use signatures alone even when the law would otherwise require a seal. So you may be able to survive in Japan without one, though it depends on what sort of dealings you have. Some banks require you to have a hanko in order to open an account, and buying and selling real estate or borrowing money may be burdensome without one.
- snip -
- source : japantimes.co.jp/community 2016 -


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Cloth cover box
length 6 cm, diameter 1,2 cm
Inside there is space for your personal stamp and a blot of red ink to use it.



Inside
CLICK for enlargement !
Photo from my friend Ishino.


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Seal from Ivory, in a box
Size about 15mm×60mm



Photos from my friend Ishino san.


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hand-made stamps, even with cats



- source : umekichi

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More about INKAN and Hanko

- further reference -


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yakiin, yaki-in 焼印 branding seal



Usually made from bronze.
They were used for official licenses (on wooden tablets), on geta 駄 sandals or boxes from sweet shops.

yakiin shokunin 焼印職人 craftsman making a branding seal


source : edoichiba.jp/ yakiin ..

There were very few in Edo, since once a seal is made, it lasts for a long time.

. Edo no shokunin 江戸の職人 Edo craftsmen .


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inniku 印肉 shuniku 朱肉 stamp ink in vermillion color
a red paste kept in a special container.
also called indei 印泥

The paste was made as a mix from 艾 moxa mugword, paniya パンヤ panha, from the ceiba tree (kapok), himashi abura ひまし油 (蓖麻子油) Himashi oil (made from the seeds of トウゴマ Ricinus communis), matsuyani 松脂 pine resin and byakuroo 白蠟 white wax.


- - - - - And back to the Edo period:



inniku no shikae 印肉の仕替へ
inniku uri 印肉売り exchanging and selling stamp pads


In Edo the paste for stamps was either vermillion or black, but soon more colors were introduced. Black made from sumi 墨 was mostly used in shops for receipts.

There are even senryu 川柳 about stamping . . .

請人の印肉乾く春の風
ukenin no inniku kawaku haru no kaze

the stamp ink
of the guarantor dries out -
spring wind


During the Edo period, servants changed jobs usually in the third lunar month (degawari). During that period, a guarantor for a person had to stamp many documents. His stamp ink would become less and less, the box kept open all the time . . .

. WKD : degawari 出代 migrating of the servants .


. Repairmen in Edo .

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. My PHOTO ALBUM with Daruma Stamps


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- #inkan #hanko #stamp #yakuin -
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2007/10/14

Paperweight (bunchin)

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Paperweight (bunchin 文鎮)

When writing with brush and ink, the writer uses a paperweight to fix the paper on the top of the page. This heavy metal bar prevents paper from moving.

Japanses paper weights come in many shapes and of many materials, some are rather artistic and collector's items. Most are rather long to make sure the paper is kept securely in place.




Here are some of my collection, with three or four Daruma sitting side by side to keep the paper steady.




writing letters in spring -
the heavy weight of
my Daruma



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Look at more bunchin from this store !

Look at more types of paperweights from this store !
© www.santaken.com

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Made from iron, 4,5 cm high. Diameter 4,1 cm.


Photo from my friend Ishino.


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CLICK for more paperweight photos !



. MORE bunchin with Daruma



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夜寒なお文鎮光る武家屋敷
yosamu nao bunchin hikaru buke yashiki

this cold night -
a paperweight still sparkles
in the samurai residence

Kawakami Tokiko 川上登喜子


. Samurai Residence, buke yashiki 武家屋敷  

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keisan ga fukuro ni iru to kan ga deki

the paper weight -
just when it returns to its sheath
warm sake is ready  


Munetake

ーーーーー Makoto Ueda, page 17
source : books.google.co.jp


. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu in Edo .  


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2007/10/04

Fuda Plate

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Talisman Name Plate, Fuda 札

You can have your name and purpose engraved in it.


Photo from my friend Ishino.

. nookyoochoo 納経帳 Pilgrim's Stamp Book .

. ema 絵馬 votive tablets.

Senja-Fuda, Name Stickers (senjafuda 千社札) with Daruma san

O-Mamori, Amulettes and Talismans お守り

Name plate with Daruma, hyoosatsu 表札
nameplate
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2007/07/14

Comb (kushi) kanzashi and hair

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kushi 櫛 comb, Kamm

Famous combs in Japan are made of boxwood
(tsuge gushi 柘植櫛).

The combs are usually soaked in camellia oil to keep their shine for many years. They also prevent static electricity to develop.

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Japanese boxwood comb does not create static helping make all hair look beautiful.

Carved Boxwood comb -Daruma-



Detail


© japanesetradition.net / Sanrokudo070715




Dragon design and more, click the thumbnail.

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A dreary feeling
in a spring night
It's hard to shake off
I comb my long hair
Until my heart’s content


Yosano Akiko


JAPANESE COMBS AND HAIR ORNAMENTS
By Ed Jacob

A Japanese comb is about much more than just styling your hair. Some 400 years ago, Japan took the simple comb and transformed it into an elegant beauty accessory that became a work of art. Japanese kushi (combs) and kanzashi (hairpins) became expressions of a woman’s character, social class, religion, and people could even tell what neighbourhood someone lived in by looking at their hair ornaments .

According to an ancient Japanese proverb, “A woman’s hair is her life” (Kami wa onna no inochi) and from the early 1600’s until the beginning of the modern era, decorative combs and hairpins called kanzashi have been an important part of Japanese fashion.

Western style jewelry such as rings, necklaces and bracelets was not worn in Japan until the modern era. Instead, women decorated their hair. The elaborate hairstyles (mage), of the Edo period required a tremendous amount of time and money to maintain, and the value of what a woman wore in her hair often far exceeded even the cost of the beautiful silken, gold brocade kimono she wore on her back. Hair was so important that it came to symbolize nearly every facet of her existence.

Looking at a woman’s hairstyle, you could tell what social class she belonged to, whether she was married or not, her age, and whether she had any children. Hair ornaments became important family heirlooms that were handed down from generation to generation, and in Kyoto, when a comb eventually wore out or was broken, it was saved until the Kompira Kushi Matsuri (Kyoto Comb Festival) and taken to a temple where prayers were said for its spirit, after which it was burned in a purifying ritual fire.

As lovely as Japanese combs are, however, they are almost never given as gifts because of a superstition that associates them with suffering and death. The word kushi, is associated with misfortune because it sounds like the words for suffering (ku) and death (shi). One should never give one as a present because it might bring death to the person and, similarly, it is considered unlucky to pick one another person’s comb because you may take on a person’s suffering.

Although decorative combs went out of fashion for the general public more than a hundred years ago, they are still worn with kimono, and if you know where to look, it is still possible to find craftsmen that make and sell them today. One such shop is Nijusan-ya (Jusanya), a tiny store hidden in plain sight in Kyoto’s bustling Shijo shopping district.

Nijyusan-ya means twenty three, a seemingly strange choice of name for a comb shop, and is puzzling even to Japanese people who aren’t in on the joke. It comes from a Japanese word for the special bamboo combs that are their specialty, called togushi. The characters used to write togushi have the same pronunciation as the numbers ten (to), nine (ku or gu) and four (shi). Add them up and you get the shop’s name, twenty three.

Nijusan-ya is very Kyoto. In typical Kyoto style, it does not advertise, has a tiny sign, and is the kind of place you could walk by 500 times without ever noticing. In business for more than 180 years, it has been at its present location in Kyoto’s downtown Shijo district for more than 60. They sell nothing but combs and hair ornaments, but their goods are of such high quality that they are able to compete with the cell-phone shops and trendy designer clothing boutiques nearby.

Kyoto has always been known for the quality of its gold, tortoise shell, mother of pearl, and lacquer work, and Kyogushi (Kyoto-style combs) are the most famous in the country. Kyoto’s combs have traditionally been made from boxwood from the island of Kyushu, which has become extremely rare and expensive. While other comb makers have resorted to importing low-priced boxwood from Thailand, Nijusan-ya insists on using only the domestic variety to ensure the quality of its products.

That is the secret to Nijusan-ya’s success. The owner, Isamu Kakie, like his father and his grandfather before him, is uncompromising in his adherence to tradition. Every last item in the shop is hand-crafted by skilled artisans who shape the wood by hand, and then spend hours or days decorating the products with the beautiful cranes, Mt. Fujis, chrysanthemums and cherry blossoms that make them so gorgeous.

ps
Hair ornaments could even be a deadly weapon.
Female ninja called kunoishi used them to rake the eyes of their victims while escaping or dipped them in poison to assassinate people. There are also many accounts of women using them to fend off male attackers.
- - - - - Ed Jacob

Juusanya 十三や Jusan-Ya
the word for comb is kushi, and it can also mean KU nine and SHI four, which add up to be 13, or 十三.
- reference source : 十三や -


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Orokugushi お六櫛 O-Roku Combs

Oroku-kushi


quote
"Oroku-gushi"... Small comb made from Minebari 峰榛 (wood)
from which about 100 teeth are sawed to width of only 10cm or less
... was known to the whole country as a special product of Nakasendo and a souvenir of the Ontakesan belief and the Zenkoji Temple visiting since Edo period.
Still, this Yabuhara-juku makes and keeps being loved as a traditional craft goods of the comb and Nagano Prefecture of utility goods.

The Nagano Prefecture Kiso-gun Kiso-mura is given to a rich forest and the head of a river in the village of the source of Kisogawa and has developed.
Yabuhara-juku located in the south of "Torii pass" called the most dangerous place of the Nakasendo was a stage of "Center point of Nakasendo" in Edo period,and the transportation node as divergence in the point of east and west and the Hida Road. "Orokugushi" is told to have come to be made from the Yabuhara-juku, year of the Kyouho era of Edo period.

Legend of Oroku-comb
There was a beautiful maiden name of "Oroku" in the Tsumago-jyuku. She was always worried about sickness of the head.
Oroku prayed to the Ontake-Daigongen as a certain traveler had taught one day. There was reporting..."Comb the hair with the hatchel made from the Minebali tree in the morning and evening. Your headache recovers without fail. " Oroku immediately made the comb of the Minebali,and she combed the hair every evening every morning.Then, her sickness was put away completely soon on several.
This was, and when the comb made from Minebali that was able to be taken in the vicinity was marketed to the traveler, "Oroku-gushi" became serious famous, and it was well known to the whole country.
It is said that it came to make Orokugushi also in the Yabuhara because the Minebali that is the material tree can be gathered near the Torii pass when becoming year of the Kyouho era.

Oroku-comb in Yabuhara 薮原宿原町
The article on Orokugushi is in Edo period is published in the book on Ota Shokusanjin's 'Jinjyutsu Kikou' (1802).

Orokugushi made the name known to the whole country in addition by the play of the original of Snto Kyoden 'Orokugushi Kiso no Adauchi' in 1807, and became a large fashion.
The thing that the house of 78 percent in the Yabuhara-jyuku was involved in the work of the comb is understood according to material in 1844 - 1848.
It is assumed that about one million combs were produced in the thicket field according to the record in 1876.
The comb made here is called to be "Orokugushi" generically in Yabuhara-jyuku. As for the kind of Orokugushi, a lot of various names are given by shape, the size, and the difference of how etc. to apply teeth.

Read more here

Comb making Tools
Traditional techniques
Craftsman lives
source : www.kisomura.net


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Satsuma tsugegushi 薩摩つげ櫛
boxwood combs from Kagoshima



made with various patterns of blossoms

In the middle of the Edo Period, when the Satsuma clan was engaged in the Kiso River embankment project, lower ranking samurai of the clan began making boxwood combs to supplement their incomes. The popularity of these lovely combs can be seen in the lyrics of a contemporary song:

"How I wish I were a boxwood comb,
so I could meet many ladies".


The final step in the production process is natural drying after soaking in camellia oil.
source : www.pref.kagoshima.jp

. Regional Folk Art from Japan - Kagoshima .


. Oita Folk Art - 大分県 Ōita .
Tsuge combs from Beppu 別府 .

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Further Reading

Tetsuo Ishihara,石原哲男
The Geisha Stylist Who Let His Hair Down
Nihongami no sekai 日本髪の世界. 舞妓の髪型編
The only man among Kyoto's last five keppatsu-shi, or hairdressers to the geisha, Ishihara is the coiffeur king of the most celebrated of the pleasure quarters surviving from old Japan.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6563-2004Aug16.html


Kushi, kanzashi, keshōgu : Edo no kōgei :
Santorī Bijutsukan korekushon
くし・かんざし・化粧具 : 江戶の巧芸 : サントリ一美術館コレクション.
http://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!silibraries&uri=full=3100001~!875560~!0#focus


Sawanoi Kushi Museum 櫛かんざし美術館
http://www.sawanoi-sake.com/kushi/index


Inquiry concerning hair ornaments
. . . PMJS : Listserve


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Kushi Matsuri 櫛祭り Kushi Comb Festival

Kyoto biyou bunka club (Kyoto cosmetics culture club) started it at 1961.
on the 4th Monday of September. Because one pronunciation in Japanese of 9-gatsu (September) is “ku-gatsu” and 4 is “shi”, the word that strung two words together becomes “Kushi” which means a comb.

The highlight of the festival is a procession of women who are doing up own hair to various Japanese coiffures, and wearing various kimonos, and making own faces up.
source : www.japan-hopper.com

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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. Edo shokunin 江戸の職人 Edo craftsmen .

kushishi, kushi shi 櫛師 comb maker
kushi shokunin 櫛職人 craftsman making combs



source : edoichiba.jp.kusi...

They made decorative combs for the ladies to beautify their coiffure.
Since the ladies did not wash their hair as often as it is done now, they had to make use of comps regularly.



The fashionable ladies of Edo had three favorite items
first the Kushi
second the Obi (sash)
third the Kosode (Kimono with short sleeves)

The wood for a comb was mostly tsuge 楊 boxwood, but shitan 紫檀 red sandalwood, kokutan 黒檀 Ebony Diospyros and other light wood was also used.
The wood was cut into a rough form and then let sit to dry for three or more years.
Ivory, bekkoo 鼈甲 Bekko tortoiseshell, horn of deer and even bamboo were also used.


喜多川歌麿 Kitagawa Utamaro (1753 - 1806) kushi 櫛

- quote -
The Art of Japanese Hair Comb Patterns
(Kushi Hinagata)

by Stephen J. Gertz
Sometime post-1905, an anonymous gentleman in Japan, wishing to preserve his collection of rice-paper rubbings of setsu kushi hinagata (patterns of miniature combs), took three issues of Japan Art Society Reports from the 37th Year of the Meiji (1905), mounted the rubbings on each page, had the issues bound together, crossed out the original titles and provided one in black ink.


CLICK for more illustrations !

. . . . . The resulting unique scrapbook features over 500 charcoal rubbings of miniature Japanese combs and hairpins (koagi). . . . . .
Katsushika Hokusai's classic three-volume Imayo Kushi Hinagata (1823)
. . . . . Traditional comb shapes are half moon, horseshoe, and square. The combs were often worn in concert with koagi (hair pins) in classical Japanese hairdressing. . . . . .
- read more here
- source : booktryst.com . Stephen J. Gertz -

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. bihatsu kigan 美髪祈願 praying for beautiful hair .
櫛型のお守り amulet in form of a comb
櫛型の絵馬 ema votive tablet in form of a comb

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Combs have a long history in Japan.
wakare no kushi 別れの櫛 comb as a good-bye present
comb of separation

goes back to the Heian period.

- quote -
When the Saigu, or royal vestal virgin of Ise, was about to be sent away on her prolonged period of service at the Great Shrine, she was called to the palace and the emperor thrust a comb into her hair with his own hands.
This was the wakare no kushi, or " comb of separation."
Thus the sojourn of the virgin princess at Ise was brought under the taboo of comb and hair.
- source : archive.org/stream/politicalphiloso -


. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
48 櫛 to explore


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kanzashi かんざし / 簪 hairpin




Photos from my friend Ishino


. . . CLICK here for hairpin Photos !


かんざしや今日雪しろの奈良井川
kanzashi ya kyoo yukishiro no Naraigawa

this hairpin -
thawing snow water today
in Naraigawa

Harada Takashi 原田喬
Tr. Gabi Greve

. . . CLICK here for Photos of River Naraigawa ! in Nagano prefecture

yukishiro ゆきしろ【雪代】 thawing snow water, kigo for mid-spring
melting snow, snowmelt, thaw, yukidoke 雪解



In spring, the greening branches were thought to be full of the life force and used to stick into the hair:


kazasu  挿頭す, kazashi 挿頭

- - - - -

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

かんざしの蝶を誘ふやとぶ小蝶
kanzashi no choo o sasou ya tobu ko choo

lured by the butterfly
hairpin...
little butterfly

Tr. David Lanoue

- - - - -

at the sound of a cute boy's voice --

small butterfly
trying hard to attract
a butterfly hairstick

This hokku is from the second half of the twelfth month (early February) in 1825, soon after Issa had returned to his house in his hometown after several months of staying at students' houses following his second wife's declaration of divorce and a stroke that caused him to temporarily lose the power of speech. A little over a year earlier, in January 1824, the last surviving member of Issa's family, his third son Konzaburō, who was not quite two, had died, so 1824 had been a traumatic year for Issa.

The boy's voice is mysterious. The butterfly and the boy seem to share some sort of intuitive animal communication. Could the hokku be based on Issa's memory of an experience with his infant third son when the boy was alive? Or is Issa perhaps watching a young boy in 1825 and remembering his own four dead children and his dead wife? According to the hokku's headnote, a young boy seems to be laughing or just making sounds, presumably of delight, as he watches a small butterfly and a woman (his mother?) who has inserted or is inserting a decorative hairstick into her hair.

In Issa's time hairsticks were often metal and had two parallel prongs, making the hairstick resemble a slim tuning fork. At the base, where the two prongs diverged, there was a decorative image, usually a small painting or a carved shape -- in this hokku a representation of a butterfly. The real butterfly seems to have been stimulated both by the shape on the hairstick and by the young boy's voice -- does it feel the voice vibrate through its wings? -- and at the sound of the voice it flits near the shape on the stick in the woman's hair, trying to make friends with it. Issa seems to suggest the small butterfly is inviting the butterfly shape to fly up and do a mating dance with it.

Chris Drake



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- quote
Edo Tsumami-Kanzashi 江戸つまみ簪
Ornamental Hairpins


■ Traditional Technologies and Techniques
1- 裁ち For Edo Tsumami-Kanzashi (ornamental hairpins), small squares of dyed silk are accurately cut using a fabric slice, a wooden measure and a chopping board.
2- つまみ With fine-tipped tweezers, the silk squares are pinched and folded using various traditional tsumami (pinching) techniques. These techniques include the maru-tsumami 丸つまみ (the round pinch), the kaku-tsumami 角つまみ (the square pinch), the suji-tsumami じつまみ (a pinching technique for creating family crest patterns), and the uragaeshi-tsumami (the reverse pinch) 裏返しつまみ.
3- ふき(植えつけ) Fuki (placement) involves affixing the pinched small squares of silk to a pasteboard coated with rice starch. Each piece of silk is placed using tweezers and shaped to make petals, flowers and cranes, etc.
4- 組上げ The final mounting of finished ornaments to hairpins is done using kyokuten-ito (a very fine silk twine).


■ Traditionally Used Raw Materials
・Finely-woven glossy silk fabric is used. 布地は、羽二重
・Timber used as base wood (for hairpins) includes boxwood, pear, magnolia, and other species with similar properties.
ツゲ、ナシ、ホオ又はこれらと同等の材質

■ History and Characteristics
The origins of ornamental hairpins are said to lie with the tradition of "passing something through the hair." The basis of this tradition was the ancient belief that narrow rods with pointy tips held magical powers. Thus, people felt evil might be warded off if a narrow hairpin was passed through the hair.

However, the ornamental hairpins of more modern times are not just derived from something “passed through the hair.” Rather, it is said the Edo tradition of Tsumami-Kanzashi (ornamental hairpins) commenced in the early Edo Period due to a particular technique for making ornamental flower petals arriving in Edo from Kyoto.

With this technique, lightweight silk is cut into small squares and then shaped by tweezers using traditional pinching techniques. By arranging these pieces using a “pinch craft” process, flowers and birds are created.

In the middle Edo Period, combs 櫛, ornaments 簪 and hair decorations called “kusudama”楠玉 (a ball-shaped decoration of flowers created from tsumami) were all made in the city. As these articles were beautiful in color and reasonable in price, it is said they were favored as souvenirs of Edo.

In the collection of the “Byakkotai-Kinenkan”白虎隊記念館 (The White Tiger Force Museum*) in Aizuwakamatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture; there is a tsumami kusudama ornamental hairpin believed to have been taken back to the Aizu Domain from Edo as a souvenir.

In the contemporaneous commentary written on the customs of the Edo Period called "Morisada manko" 守貞漫稿 (literally "an encyclopedia of folkways and other affairs"), there is the following reference made to women's hair fashions:

“In the Bunsei Era (1818-1830), among women wearing their hair in the Shimada style, there was the practice of gathering it at the back and decorating the hair with crepe scraps, in white, blues, reds and purples that had been collected together to make ornaments that were shaped as chrysanthemums and cranes.”

Moreover, among models featured in “fujinzu”婦人図 (depictions of women) created by woodblock print artists of the late Edo to early Meiji Periods, it appears the hair ornaments shown are in the Tsumami-Kanzashi style.

In contemporary times, Tokyo is the main manufacturing area of Tsumami-Kanzashi ornamental hairpins, these products further enhancing the beauty of the feminine form when dressed in kimono on occasions such as the New Year 正月, “shichigosan”七五三 (the seven-five-three festival), “jusanmairi”十三まいり (a temple visit made by 13-year-old children to give thanks for their traditional coming of age), “seijinshiki”成人式 (a ceremony that celebrates minors obtaining their age of majority), and weddings.

* The “Byakkotai-Kinenkan” is a museum that commemorates Aizu Domain warriors of the Boshin War (1868 -1869).

Tokyo Kamikazarihin Manufacturing Association
- source : www.sangyo-rodo.metro.tokyo.jp


tsumamizaikushiつまみ細工師 making ornaments with pinching techniques
They begun to flourish in the middle of the Edo period.


source : twitter.com/sakuraiseiko
桜居せいこ Sakurai Seiko - - - つまみ細工師



. Traditional Crafts of Tokyo and Edo .

. Edo Shokunin - 江戸の職人 Craftsmen of Edo - .

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kigo with boxwood (tsuge)
Buchsbaum, Buxus microphylla



kigo for late spring

tsuge no hana 黄楊の花 (つげのはな) boxwood blossoms
..... asama tsuge no hana あさま黄楊の花(あさまつげのはな)
hime tsuge, himetsuge 姫黄楊(ひめつげ)



kigo for early summer

. tsuge ochiba 黄楊落葉(つげおちば)
fallen leaves of boxwood .




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hanakanzashi はなかんざし【花簪】
Helipterum roseum

Pink and White Everlasting
lit. "flower hairpin"

a flower from the chrysanthemum family
ローダンセ /ヘリプテラム
kigo for mid-spring
Land of origin is Australia. It grows about 40 cm and has flowers of many colors from white to pink to purple. Also good to make dry flowers of the blossoms.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



. Plants in Spring - SAIJIKI .


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Netsuke with Daruma from Boxwood


Photos :
- Hokusai Kanzashi Design 北斎の櫛雛形 -


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source : 1000ya.isis.ne.jp

kanzashi uri かんざし売り hairpin vendor in Edo

. Doing Business in Edo - 江戸の商売 .


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.................... H A I K U



秋風や櫛の歯を引おく道者
aki kaze ya kushi no ha o hiku oku dôsha

autumn wind--
sawing the teeth of a comb
a hermit




薮入や連に別れて櫛仕廻ふ
yabuiri ya tsure ni wakarete kushi shimau

Servants' Holiday--
fellow travelers part ways
combing the hair


ISSA
Tr. David Lanoue



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CLICK for more photos


紅茸の前にわが櫛すべり落つ
benitake no mae ni waga kushi suberi otsu

in front of
the red mushroom my comb
slipps and falls


Yagi Mikajo 八木三日女



benitake ベニタケ "red mushroom" scarlet mushroom
Fam. Russulaceae
The mushroom could well be a sexual symbol.
kigo for all autumn


Comments about this haiku
http://gendaihaiku.com/mikajo/commentaries.html


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kami 髪 hair

humanity kigo for the New Year


. hatsu kami 初髪 (はつかみ) "first hair"
..... 初結(はつゆい)first combing the hair
having the hair made up for the first time
..... yuizome 、結初(ゆいぞめ)
toshi no kami 年の髪(としのかみ)
sukizome 梳初 (すきぞめ) first combing the hair

CLICK for more photos
hatsu shimada 初島田(はつしまだ)first Shimada-style hair


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humanity kigo for all summer


. kami arau 髪洗う (かみあらう) washing the hair
araigami 洗い髪(あらいがみ) washed hair



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humanity kigo for early winter

. ko-no-ha-gami, konohagami, 木の葉髪 thinning hair  
"hair falling out like leaves"



observance kigo for early winter

kamioki, kami oki 髪置 (かみおき) binding up the hair
..... kushi oki 櫛置(くしおき) using a comb
November 15, the full moon night of the Asian lunar calendar
Boys and girls at age three are combed tn this fashion for the first time. This is a celebration of growing up for the whole family.
A wig is made from white hemp or cotton and put on the head of the children, to show they will grow to ripe old age. After visiting the family deity (ujigami) there is a feast with all the relatives.
Boys are next celebrated at age 5, when they put on their first hakama trousers.
Shichigosan . Seven-Five-Three Festival



observance kigo for late winter

migushi age, migushiage 御髪上 (みぐしあげ)
ogushiage おぐしあげ
memorial service for old combs, hair and nails

On an auspicious day in December, the collected hair, broken combs and cut nails of the emperor or high-ranking persons are offered at official shrines and burned in a ritual fire.
It is already reported in the Tales of Genji.


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. Hairstyles and hairdressers in Edo - - 髪 kami .
- Introduction -
kamiyui 髪結い hairdo master, hairdresser
- - - - - motoyui 元結い / mageyui 髷結い
kamiyuidoko 髪結床 hairdresser shop, hairstylist shop, barber shop
katsurashi, katsura shi 鬘師 wig maker




chonmage ちょんまげ【丁髷】topknot
traditional hairstyle for samurai in the feudal era



CLICK for more photos

At the temple Enkakuji 円覚寺 in Fukaura, Northern Japan, there are votive tablets (ema) with cut-off hair of samurai.
When a trade ship bound south was in difficult stormy waters, they would cut off their chonmage and pray to the deities for survival. If they did, the hair was offered at this temple, and is shown to our day.

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子の髪の風に流るる五月来ぬ 
ko no kami no kaze ni nagaruru gogatsu kinu

the hair of my child
is floating in the wind
May is here


Oono Rinka 大野林火 Ono Rinka


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A widow's peak
is a V-shaped point in the hairline in the center of the forehead. Hair growth on the forehead is suppressed in a bilateral pair of periorbital fields. Normally, these fields join in the middle of the forehead so as to give a hairline that runs straight across. Widow's peak results when the point of intersection on the forehead of the upper perimeters of these fields is lower than usual.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


autumn-
my widow's peak
changes colour


- Shared by Arvinder Kaur -
Joys of Japan, August 2012


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2007/07/02

Kanemochi and Kin-un

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
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Kanemochi ... The Rich Daruma
金持ちだるま


This is a pun about the word mochi, rice cake and holding something, motsu.

Here we have Daruma in the form of a rice cake decoration, holding a piece of money, thus implying he is rich.



金持ちだるま 重ね餅がお金を抱えています。
Papermachee  141×120 mm

© daruma 32


Ricecakes (mochi) and Haiku


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Golden Daruma


Made of 18 karat GOLD !
18金製 「だるま」



© www.takeyu.co.jp/kingindou / Take-YU


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source : 仏像ワールド

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. Kanazawa haku 金沢箔 - leaf foil of gold, silver or platinum . - Ishikawa
kinpaku 金沢金箔 gold foil, gold leaf foil

Ishikawa prefecture 石川県 produces almost 100% of the gold foil used in Japan. It is also used in Kyoto, for example for repairs of the Golden Pavillion Kinkaku-Ji 金閣寺.

Products with gold foil
from Ishikawa prefecture




This one is made to improve your good luck with money
金運を招き / Fuku Daruma 福ダルマ
http://store.shopping.yahoo.co.jp/waraku-store/9.html



金箔工芸 田じま
http://www.kanazawarakuza.com/goodsdetail.php?gd_no=58
Kanazawa Ginza 金沢銀座



There is also a bread with gold foil chips on it !

金沢金箔ラスク Kanazawa Kinpaku Rasuku (rusk)

http://ikkosan-tokyo.blog.so-net.ne.jp/2009-01-08-1
The white rice senbei has the pattern of a famous stone lantern in the park Kenroku-En 兼六園.
Made by 白山市, 三共フーズ

 WASHOKU
Ishikawa 石川県 (Kaga) Kanazawa 金沢
 


kinpaku Daruma 金箔だるま 2020
to ward off the Corona Virus Pandemic



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This pamphlet floated in my mailbox on January 6, 2011.

kin un Daruma 金運だるま
Daruma for luck with money

You only have to put this golden Daruma in the entrance hall and strike him carefully when you leave the home ... then he will help you to get rich and avoid all misfortune.




Gold is seen as round, so this Daruma is almost round.



source : www.rs-comm.com

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CLICK for more photos

CLICK for more photos !




from Takashiba, Fukushima pref.


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金運 だるま シーサー
even a shisa from Okinawa
沖縄 シーサー Shiisaa

. Daruma Dolls from Okinawa

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. Yamabuki - Yellow Daruma Dolls
for more good luck with money
 


. Shoobai Hanjoo 商売繁盛 good business .
amulets and talismans to make more money !


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- #kanemochi #kinun #gold #kinpaku -
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